{"id":167,"date":"2019-07-31T02:35:29","date_gmt":"2019-07-31T02:35:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/clients.idenovasi.com\/valley\/?page_id=167"},"modified":"2024-04-16T01:35:53","modified_gmt":"2024-04-16T01:35:53","slug":"common-eye-conditions-in-adults","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/common-eye-conditions-in-adults\/","title":{"rendered":"Common eye conditions in adults"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"167\" class=\"elementor elementor-167\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3cf7c578 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"3cf7c578\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:&quot;125&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-56a9ac71\" data-id=\"56a9ac71\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2de21e49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2de21e49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Common Eye <br>\nConditions in Adults<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a146083 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a146083\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7f6c5401\" data-id=\"7f6c5401\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26b73cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"26b73cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Common eye conditions<br>\n<span style=\"color: #00a2da;\">in adults<\/span><\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e81c31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"5e81c31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"elementor-tab-title-9901\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9901\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Pterygium<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9901\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9901\"><p><em><strong>What is a pterygium?<\/strong><\/em><\/p><p>A pterygium is an overgrowth of tissue from the white of the eye onto the clear cornea.\u00a0 It occurs due to a number of factors, with the most important being sunlight exposure during the early years of life.\u00a0 It is a common condition among young adults, especially in Queensland.\u00a0 A pterygium may remain stationary, or may continue to grow and extend further across the front of the eye.\u00a0 Such growth can cause redness, inflammation, discomfort and even disturbance to the quality of vision.\u00a0 In extreme circumstances, a pterygium may grow to cross the line of vision. \u00a0<\/p><p><em><strong>What is the treatment for a pterygium?<\/strong><\/em><\/p><p>First and foremost, it is important to correctly diagnose pterygium.\u00a0 Changes similar to those seen in pterygium are possible in other conditions, and examination by an eye care professional is required to make the differentiation. \u00a0<\/p><p>If a pterygium causes chronic redness, irritation, change to the vision, or if it changes suspiciously, treatment may be recommended.\u00a0 It may also be treated if its appearance is of cosmetic concern.\u00a0 Treatment approaches will depend upon individual factors, but may include:<\/p><ul><li>Avoidance of irritants<\/li><li>Lubricating eye drops<\/li><li>Sparing use of eye drops to treat redness or to provide temporary relief of symptoms<\/li><li>Surgical removal<\/li><\/ul><p><em><strong>What is involved in pterygium surgery?<\/strong><\/em><\/p><p>Your ophthalmologist will be able to provide you with advice regarding whether surgical treatment is recommended for your pterygium.\u00a0 The major complication of pterygium surgery is recurrence of the pterygium, however using modern meticulous techniques this is rare.\u00a0 Such an approach requires meticulous removal of the tissue responsible for causing the pterygium, followed by filling the resulting defect on the surface of the eye with graft of conjunctiva obtained from another part of the eye surface.\u00a0 Using this technique also provides the best possible cosmetic result. \u00a0<\/p><p>The procedure is performed as day surgery under light sedation and local anaesthetic, and you are able to go home to recover overnight before being checked the next day by your ophthalmologist.\u00a0 The eye will be red and gritty for a few days after the surgery, and it is likely that it will take a few weeks to feel completely recovered.\u00a0 Eye drops are used during this time to help protect against infection, to settle inflammation and to aid healing.<\/p><p>Your ophthalmologist will monitor your recovery carefully, with 2-3 routine visits occurring within the months after surgery.<\/p><p><em><strong>What can be done to prevent pterygia?<\/strong><\/em><\/p><p>Exposure to sunlight during the early years of life, and ongoing exposure to sunlight throughout life, is an important factor in the development of pterygia.\u00a0 Therefore, sun protection in the form of wrap-around sunglasses, a broad-brimmed hat and avoiding sunlight during peak UV times from an early age are vital.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"elementor-tab-title-9902\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9902\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Cataract<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9902\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9902\"><p>Cataract is a cloudiness or loss of transparency of the lens in the eye.\u00a0 In most cases, cataracts cause blurring of vision, glare and decreased contrast under low lighting conditions and at night.<\/p><p>Some causes of cataract include:<\/p><ul><li>Congenital causes in infants include hereditary types, or secondary to infections or other medical conditions<\/li><li>Metabolic conditions<\/li><li>Age-related changes<\/li><li>Diabetes<\/li><li>Exposure to steroid medications<\/li><li>Previous inflammatory conditions of the eye<\/li><li>Previous injuries or operations on the eye<\/li><\/ul><p>When a cataract starts causing problems with clear and comfortable vision, it may be appropriate to consider surgical removal and replacement with an artificial (intraocular) lens.\u00a0 At your appointment, your ophthalmologist will discuss your visual needs for work, hobbies and other tasks in order to help decide which intraocular artificial lens will suit you best.\u00a0 A series of measurements of your eye will be taken to facilitate this decision.<\/p><p>During cataract surgery, the cloudy crystalline lens is removed using microscopic ultrasound techniques, and replaced with a foldable artificial lens inserted through a very small wound in the eye.\u00a0 Usually no stitches are required.<\/p><p>A vast majority of cataract surgery is routine and successful.\u00a0 Complications are rare occurrences, and your ophthalmologist will discuss the risk of these with you at the time of your consultation, as each person\u2019s risk is different.<\/p><p>Cataract surgery is a day procedure.\u00a0 Post-operatively, you will have a pad and shield over the eye for at least a few hours or overnight.\u00a0 You will be given eye drops to use in the eye for approximately four weeks, as prescribed.\u00a0 You will usually have a check-up appointment the day after your operation, and another within a few weeks.\u00a0 You will not be able to undertake any heavy lifting, driving or swimming until cleared by your ophthalmologist.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"elementor-tab-title-9903\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9903\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Strabismus<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9903\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9903\"><p><strong><em>What is adult strabismus?<\/em><\/strong><\/p><p>Strabismus (\u201cturned eye\u201d, \u201cmisaligned eyes\u201d, \u201csquint\u201d)<\/p><p>Strabismus is a condition in which the eyeballs are not aligned properly and point in different directions. Nearly four in every 100 adults have this condition.<\/p><p>Adult strabismus results in visual, physical, and psychosocial disabilities. Successful strabismus surgery can relieve double vision and visual confusion, restore or establish depth perception, expand the visual field, eliminate an abnormal head posture, and improve psychosocial function and employability. Adults with strabismus should consult their ophthalmologist about the relative risks and benefits of surgery.<\/p><p><strong><em>What causes strabismus in adults?<\/em><\/strong><\/p><p>Most adults with strabismus have had the condition since earlier age in their life. However, strabismus can also begin in adulthood due to medical problems, such as:<\/p><ul><li>Eye muscle sagging with age<\/li><li>Eye muscle nerve damage<\/li><li>Thyroid disease (Graves\u2019 disease)<\/li><li>Myasthenia gravis<\/li><li>Brain tumours<\/li><li>Head trauma<\/li><li>Stroke<\/li><li>After cataract or retinal surgery<\/li><\/ul><p><strong><em>What are the symptoms of strabismus?<\/em><\/strong><\/p><p>Adults with strabismus may experience:<\/p><ul><li>Eye fatigue<\/li><li>Double vision<\/li><li>Abnormal head turn<\/li><li>A pulling sensation around the eyes<\/li><li>Reading difficulty<\/li><li>Loss of depth perception<\/li><\/ul><p>These symptoms may have a negative impact on employment and social opportunities.<\/p><p><strong><em>How is strabismus in adults treated?<\/em><\/strong><\/p><p>Strabismus in adults can be treated using several methods, including:<\/p><ul><li>Eye patch (occlusion of one eye)<\/li><li>Glasses containing prisms<\/li><li>Eye muscle surgery<\/li><\/ul><p><strong><em>Eye Patch:\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong>This is simple and often resolve the double images instantly while investigations are undertaken, or recovery is anticipated.<\/p><p><strong><em>Prism eye glasses:<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Eye glasses with prisms can correct mild double vision associated with strabismus in adults. A prism is a clear, wedge-shaped lens that bends, or refracts, light rays. When worn by an adult with strabismus who has mild double vision, the prism eye glasses realign images together so that the eyes see only one image. The prisms can be worn on the outside of the eye glass frames or can be manufactured directly into the lens itself. Prism eye glasses usually cannot correct more severe cases of double vision where images are far apart or double vision caused by weak or tight muscles.<\/p><p><strong><em>Eye muscle surgery:<\/em><\/strong> Eye muscle surgery is the most common treatment for strabismus. Typically, strabismus occurs when the muscles surrounding the eyes are either too stiff or too weak.\u00a0 Our doctors can surgically loosen, tighten or reposition selected eye muscles so that the eyes can be rebalanced to work together.<\/p><p><strong><em>Surgery for strabismus<\/em><\/strong><\/p><p>Strabismus surgery can:<\/p><ul><li>Improve eye alignment<\/li><li>Reduce or eliminate double vision<\/li><li>Improve or restore the use of both eyes together (binocular visual function)<\/li><li>Reduce eye fatigue<\/li><li>Expand peripheral (side) vision<\/li><li>Improve social and professional opportunities<\/li><\/ul><p>Strabismus surgery is usually performed as a day procedure, using general or local anaesthesia. Patients may experience some pain or discomfort after surgery, but it is usually not severe and can be treated with over-the-counter pain medication such as paracetamol. Stronger medications for pain are sometimes needed and will be prescribed by your ophthalmologist or anaesthetist. You can often return to your normal activities within one to two weeks following surgery.<\/p><p><strong><em>New strabismus procedures for complex strabismus<\/em><\/strong><\/p><p>Surgery using adjustable sutures or eye muscle transposition is required in some cases with nerve damage, or previous unsuccessful eye muscle surgeries.<\/p><p>Valley Eye Specialists incorporates the Queensland Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Surgeons (QPOSS), a group of expert ophthalmologists who are trained in treating strabismus in adults, including complex strabismus.<\/p><p>Pre-operative photograph &#8211; both eyes turned inward<\/p><p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-410\" src=\"http:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/PreOperative_1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"451\" height=\"240\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/PreOperative_1.png 451w, https:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/PreOperative_1-300x160.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 451px) 100vw, 451px\" \/><\/p><p>Post-operative photograph &#8211; both eyes are now straight<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-411\" src=\"http:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/PostOperative_1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"451\" height=\"218\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/PostOperative_1.png 451w, https:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/PostOperative_1-300x145.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 451px) 100vw, 451px\" \/><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"elementor-tab-title-9904\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9904\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Glaucoma<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9904\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9904\"><p>Glaucoma is the name given to a group of eye conditions where vision is lost due to damage to the optic nerve, which functions like the battery pack of the eye. In most cases of glaucoma, there are no symptoms or warning signs in the early stages.<\/p><p>The primary issue in glaucoma is damage to the optic nerve due to a rise in intraocular pressure (IOP). This is the pressure of the fluid within the eye. The IOP at which progressive damage to the optic nerve occurs varies between different individuals. Thus, the best way to protect your sight from the effects of glaucoma is to have your eyes checked regularly. This is especially important as glaucoma cannot be self-detected, and people affected by glaucoma may not be aware of any vision loss.<\/p><p>Whilst there is no cure for glaucoma, and vision that has been lost cannot be restored, early detection and early initiation of treatment can arrest or significantly slow the progression of this condition.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"elementor-tab-title-9905\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9905\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Macular degeneration<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9905\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9905\"><p>The macula is a small region within the retina (the eye\u2019s \u201ccamera film\u201d) that is highly sensitive and produces detailed, colour images in our central field of vision.<\/p><p>Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) occurs when the macula is damaged, affecting the ability to read, drive and engage in other activities requiring fine central vision. ARMD usually occurs in both eyes, but one eye may be worse than the other.\u00a0 It is a progressive condition, and early detection can improve the visual prognosis.<\/p><p>Common symptoms of macular degeneration include:<\/p><ul><li>A progressive decline in the ability to see objects clearly<\/li><li>Distorted vision<\/li><li>Dark spots obscuring central vision<\/li><li>Diminished colour appreciation<\/li><\/ul><p>When complications of ARMD cause substantial disturbances in vision, it is termed \u201clate ARMD\u201d.\u00a0 There are two types of late ARMD:<\/p><ol><li>Dry ARMD \u2013 this is usually slower to develop than the wet form (see below).\u00a0 There is no approved treatment for ARMD, but studies are underway investigating disease progression and potential future therapies.<\/li><\/ol><ol start=\"2\"><li>Wet ARMD \u2013 this is when new, abnormal blood vessels grow from the layers underneath the macula.\u00a0 These new blood vessels are fragile and tend to leak and bleed, resulting in severe distortion of vision and eventually formation of scar tissue.\u00a0 Whilst there is no cure for wet ARMD, expert treatment can slow or even stop the progression of the disease, maintaining (or even improving) vision for many patients.<\/li><\/ol><p>Valley Eye Specialists is equipped with the latest technology to enable early detection and correct diagnosis of macular degeneration.\u00a0 Urgent treatment for wet ARMD can be provided in our practice, and we strive to make appointments available for same day referrals if needed.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"elementor-tab-title-9906\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9906\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Diabetic eye conditions<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9906\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9906\"><p>Diabetes can damage the blood vessels at the back of the eye, resulting in a number of problems.<\/p><p><strong>Diabetic maculopathy<\/strong><\/p><p>Damaged blood vessels may leak blood and fluid into the retina, which causes swelling.\u00a0 When this process occurs at the macula, vision may become blurred or distorted.<\/p><p><strong>Diabetic retinopathy<\/strong><\/p><p>Further damage results in closure of blood vessels within the retina, starving it of the oxygen which is needed for it to function properly and provide clear vision.\u00a0 The eye attempts to compensate for this by growing new blood vessels.\u00a0 However, these new blood vessels are fragile, leaky and often grow in abnormal locations.\u00a0 They can bleed and create scar tissue, resulting in vision loss.<\/p><p><strong>When should I have my eyes checked for changes due to diabetes?<\/strong><\/p><p>The chance of developing changes in the the eye due to diabetes increases with time, and is more likely if blood sugar levels are poorly controlled or if other problems such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol are present.<\/p><p>Early diagnosis and careful follow-up are critical in preventing vision loss due to diabetic eye conditions.\u00a0 However, affected people are often unaware of the early changes that occur due to diabetes.\u00a0 Diabetic changes are not painful and the external appearance of the eye is does not change.\u00a0 Macular changes in one eye may not be noticed, as the unaffected eye can readily compensate for the reduction in vision.\u00a0 Diabetic retinopathy is usually asymptomatic in the early stages, resulting in changes to vision only once complications have occurred.\u00a0 This means that routine eye checks are vital.\u00a0 For those with type 1 diabetes, an initial eye examination should occur within five years of diagnosis.\u00a0 For those with type 2 diabetes, this should occur around the time of diagnosis.\u00a0 Even if no changes are evident, reviews at least every two years are required.<\/p><p><strong>How are diabetic eye conditions diagnosed?<\/strong><\/p><p>A thorough check up involves dilating the pupils with eye drops and a careful examination of the inside of both eyes.\u00a0 A macular scan known as an OCT (ocular coherence tomography) will be performed.\u00a0 This is a simple and painless test where the macula is scanned by a laser beam to produce a detailed map of this area which can then be closely reviewed to detect early changes or monitor progression of changes.\u00a0 High-resolution colour photographs of the retina will also be taken, and these will help to determine the severity of any changes present as well as allow monitoring of the eye\u2019s health over time.\u00a0<\/p><p>In some circumstances, a fluorescein angiogram may be recommended.\u00a0 This provides additional information about the macula and retina, and can better show the extent and severity of damage.\u00a0 It can also help determine when laser treatment is needed and can help to show where such laser treatment should be directed.\u00a0 This test is made possible through the injection of a small amount of dye called fluorescein into an arm vein.\u00a0 Retinal photographs are then taken in rapid succession, using a special filter that helps to highlight the dye as it circulates throughout the blood vessels at the back of the eye.<\/p><p>After your examination and review of the additional scans and imaging performed, your ophthalmologist will be able to advise you whether you have any diabetic eye changes, and will discuss the need for further monitoring and\/or treatment.<\/p><p><strong>What treatment may be required?<\/strong><\/p><p>Currently available treatment options include injection of therapeutic medications into the vitreous cavity (back) of the eye, laser treatment and surgery.\u00a0 Your ophthalmologist will consider factors such as your level of vision, age, diabetic severity, other medical issues, and degree of diabetic eye changes when determining whether any treatment is required.\u00a0 In many cases, even if changes are detected, treatment is not necessary.\u00a0 However, regular and careful examinations must be continued.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"elementor-tab-title-9907\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9907\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Genetic eye conditions<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9907\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9907\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"elementor-tab-title-9908\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9908\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Blepharitis<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9908\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9908\"><p>Blepharitis is a chronic inflammatory condition involving the eyelid margins.\u00a0 If can affect both children and adults.\u00a0 Mostly, it responds to simple treatment and is not a vision-threatening problem.<\/p><p>Blepharitis arises from blocked glands (Meibomian glands) and an alteration in the substance that these glands normally make and secrete onto the margin of the eyelid.\u00a0 It is thought that, in some people, blepharitis is caused by a sensitivity to the bacteria which normally live on the skin.<\/p><p>Common symptoms of blepharitis include:<\/p><ul><li>Red eyelids<\/li><li>Crusting of the eyelashes<\/li><li>Red, dry or irritated eyes<\/li><\/ul><p>The most important treatment for blepharitis is good \u201ceyelid hygiene\u200b\u201d, and this should be performed regularly even when eyes seem comfortable and uninflamed.\u00a0 Other treatments may be required if this is not effective on its own, and your ophthalmologist will be able to discuss which treatments will be most likely to help in your particular case.<\/p><p>When untreated or severe, blepharitis may lead to complications such as:<\/p><ul><li>Chalazion<\/li><li>Chronic conjunctivitis<\/li><li>Tear film abnormalities like dry eyes<\/li><li>Marginal keratitis<\/li><li>Loss of eyelashes<\/li><li>Scarring<\/li><\/ul><p>These conditions are best treated by your ophthalmologist, but most of the time prevention is possible through good eyelid hygiene.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"elementor-tab-title-9909\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"9\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9909\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Chalazion<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9909\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"9\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9909\"><p>A chalazion, or Meibomian cyst, is a common eye condition in both children and adults alike.\u00a0 It usually presents as a lump on the eyelid which waxes and wanes with time. \u00a0These lumps can be single or multiple and may affect one eye or both simultaneously or subsequently.\u00a0 People with conditions such as rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis or blepharitis are more prone to multiple and recurrent chalazia.<\/p><p>Chalazion arises from a blocked gland (Meibomian gland) that is present in the normal eyelid.\u00a0 These blocked glands then become chronically inflamed, and enlarge to form a painless lump at the eyelid margin.\u00a0 These lumps are non-infective and non-contagious, but on occasion secondary infection is possible.<\/p><p>Mostly chalazia respond to simple eyelid hygiene practices involving regular daily warm compresses and massaging the lid margins.\u00a0 If complicated by infection, antibiotics are usually also required.\u00a0 Rarely, chalazia will need to be treated with a simple surgical drainage procedure if they are very large, chronic, infected or do not respond to the simple treatments outlined above.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"elementor-tab-title-99010\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"10\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-99010\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Eyelid lesions<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-99010\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"10\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-99010\"><p>Living in the beautiful Sunshine State, we see many eyelid lesions, both benign (non-cancerous) and malignant (cancerous).\u00a0 The eyelids are highly susceptible to sun damage and thus, skin cancer.\u00a0 Any changes in the appearance of the eyelid skin (swelling, thickening, ulceration) or the presence of a new lesion requires prompt evaluation and, if necessary, early intervention.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"elementor-tab-title-99011\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"11\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-99011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Eyelid malposition<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-99011\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"11\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-99011\"><p>Eyelid malposition (ectropion and entropion) occurs when the eyelid is no longer positioned against the eyeball as it should be.\u00a0 The malposition is called an \u201cectropion\u201d if the eyelid turns outwards, and an \u201centropion\u201d if it turns inwards.\u00a0 Both conditions are usually (but not always) associated with ageing, and the effects of sun exposure, and may lead to watering, redness and discomfort.\u00a0 There are different ways to treat eyelid malposition, depending on the underlying cause, including non-surgical and surgical measures.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"elementor-tab-title-99012\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"12\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-99012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Dermatochalasis<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-99012\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"12\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-99012\"><p>Excess upper eyelid skin (dermatochalasis) may warrant treatment with surgery if the skin is affecting vision or making the eyelids heavy and difficult to keep open.\u00a0 Careful consideration is given to ensure there is no underlying brow or eyelid malposition, so that the appropriate procedure (blepharoplasty) is performed.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"elementor-tab-title-99013\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"13\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-99013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Ocular side effects of medications<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-99013\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"13\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-99013\"><p>A number of medications, prescribed for various conditions, have the potential to cause unwanted effects on the eye and vision.\u00a0 Most often, with appropriate screening and monitoring, such side effects can be detected early before they cause permanent changes.\u00a0 Examples of common medications that may require monitoring by an optometrist or an ophthalmologist include:<\/p><ul><li>Plaquenil (hydroxychloroquine)<\/li><li>Sabril (vigabatrin)<\/li><li>Gilenya (fingolimod)<\/li><li>Some specialised antibiotics (ethambutol and isoniazid)<\/li><\/ul><p>The types of problems such medications may cause vary, and the risk to an individual of developing visual problems depends on a multitude of factors.\u00a0 Our ophthalmologists know how to appropriately screen for and detect early signs of medication-related eye changes in both adults and children, and can advise regarding ongoing monitoring requirements or liaise with your prescribing doctor to ensure ongoing risks are minimised.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-86e672b\" data-id=\"86e672b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41b91b17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"41b91b17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"570\" height=\"452\" src=\"https:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/practice_2.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-200\" alt=\"Valley Eye Clinic, our practice 02\" srcset=\"https:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/practice_2.png 570w, https:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/practice_2-300x238.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 570px) 100vw, 570px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-da9dc97 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"da9dc97\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:&quot;100&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-41546d9d\" data-id=\"41546d9d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6db578a1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"6db578a1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:&quot;125&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-15b5c943\" data-id=\"15b5c943\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27f55621 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"27f55621\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Meet The Ophthalmologists<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-adcac82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"adcac82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-278e290a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"278e290a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:&quot;175&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-29e0ec90\" data-id=\"29e0ec90\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2de75cd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2de75cd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/dr-jayne-camuglia\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/jayne-ouh4s6zgq3ewjtovuewsvj2fh0dz6rhjlb2ml9cico.png\" title=\"Dr Jayne Camuglia 01\" alt=\"Dr Jayne Camuglia, profile 01, home page\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-659a2f8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"659a2f8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dr Camuglia is a General Adult and Paediatric Ophthalmologist with subspecialist fellowship training in &#8230;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3846fec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3846fec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dr Jayne Camuglia<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-674a5698 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"674a5698\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBSc MBBS FRANZCO\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-204eee9\" data-id=\"204eee9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5943fe0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5943fe0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/professor-shuan-dai\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/dai-ouh4u1q07by9g4zy0prbak85nd91d9uhihe3nwlk2w.png\" title=\"Associate Professor Shuan Dai 01\" alt=\"Associate Professor Shuan Dai 01, Valley Eye Specialists Brisbane\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5697f978 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5697f978\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dr Dai is an experienced Paediatric Ophthalmologist and Strabismus Surgeon, and is the current Director of Ophthalmology &#8230;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cb71d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4cb71d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Professor Shuan Dai<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33ec7f0d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"33ec7f0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>MBBS FRANZCO<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-655b0699\" data-id=\"655b0699\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64bc39d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"64bc39d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/dr-juanita-pappalardo\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Juanita_1-ouh4yn5lm68q7ibn6p9nheha76ln0038t87k4ls9ns.png\" title=\"Dr Juanita Pappalardo 04\" alt=\"Dr Juanita Pappalardo 04, Valley Eye Specialists\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3daba164 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3daba164\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dr Pappalardo began her medical studies at the University of Queensland School of Medicine &#8230;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a55de00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a55de00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dr Juanita Pappalardo<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f0d8553 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2f0d8553\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BPharm MBBS FRANZCO<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55383524 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"55383524\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-38aaaec8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"38aaaec8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:&quot;175&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7d7b66b5\" data-id=\"7d7b66b5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14334018 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"14334018\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/dr-richa-sharma\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/richa-ouh4u98pq08k10p0st0buibueg7z2uoc7ilzi4aep4.png\" title=\"Dr Richa Sharma 01\" alt=\"Dr Richa Sharma 01, Valley Eye Specialists\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4bd67f01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4bd67f01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dr Richa Sharma is an experienced General Ophthalmologist with subspecialty fellowship training in Paediatric Ophthalmology &#8230;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc6607d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bc6607d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dr Richa Sharma<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c472bea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c472bea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>MBBS MS FRANZCO<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-72aaab6c\" data-id=\"72aaab6c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a24840 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"23a24840\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/dr-jaclyn-white\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/jaclyn-ouh4r87fp83am93ehhvlt9udhr5e9ynh4ixnu0s2qw.png\" title=\"Dr Jaclyn White 07\" alt=\"Dr Jaclyn White 07\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44c34e96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"44c34e96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Born in country Queensland, Dr Jaclyn White was raised and educated in Brisbane. She commenced her tertiary studies at QUT &#8230;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab798b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ab798b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dr Jaclyn White<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e7ef4c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2e7ef4c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BAppSc MBBS FRANZCO<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d747543\" data-id=\"d747543\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1234955 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1234955\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/dr-eve-hsing\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/hsing_1-qlpl5d2qkve84tvhlwrd5udgfubcss3pt3yrve49uw.png\" title=\"hsing_1\" alt=\"hsing_1\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60fa374 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"60fa374\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dr Eve Hsing is a comprehensive Ophthalmologist specialising in medical retinal conditions \u2026<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2aa5e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e2aa5e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dr Eve Hsing<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28a9e83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"28a9e83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>FRANZCO, MMed, MBBS, BAppSc (Optom)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bc061e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7bc061e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Common Eye Conditions in Adults Common eye conditions in adults Pterygium What is a pterygium? A pterygium is an overgrowth of tissue from the white of the eye onto the clear cornea.\u00a0 It occurs due to a number of factors, with the most important being sunlight exposure during the early years of life.\u00a0 It is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"full-screen","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/167"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=167"}],"version-history":[{"count":34,"href":"https:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/167\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2397,"href":"https:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/167\/revisions\/2397"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/valleyeye.com.au\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=167"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}